Regarding technical efficiency, Shanghai's urbanization is virtually at its peak, thus precluding significant enhancement via augmented technological inputs towards comprehensive efficacy in new-style urbanization strategies. Scale efficiency, although slightly lower than its technical counterpart, can still be optimized. Shanghai's early urbanization was hampered by excessive total energy consumption and public budget input, decreasing efficiency, a trend now showing positive change. Shanghai's urbanization efficiency can be optimally realized through an increase in total retail sales of social consumer goods and expansion of the built-up area, as measured by the output index of urbanization.
We aim to reveal how the inclusion of phosphogypsum modifies the fresh and hardened attributes of geopolymer matrices, particularly those utilizing metakaolin or fly ash as the source material. Rheological and electrical conductivity studies provided insights into the workability and setting properties of the fresh material. rifamycin biosynthesis The hardened state's qualities were ascertained by employing XRD, DTA, SEM observation, and compressive strength measurements. Workability investigations showed that the presence of phosphogypsum resulted in elevated viscosity, limiting the maximum phosphogypsum content to 15 weight percent for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 weight percent for fly ash-based matrices. Both types of mixtures displayed a delayed setting response. Matrix studies show the simultaneous dissolution of gypsum and the formation of both sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Subsequently, the introduction of phosphogypsum, up to a mass rate of 6%, into these matrices has no significant effect on the mechanical robustness. Above the specified addition rate, the matrices' compressive strength, initially at 55 MPa, decreases to 35 MPa in the metakaolin-based matrix and 25 MPa in the fly ash-based matrix, when the addition rate reaches 12 wt%. The addition of phosphogypsum, leading to a rise in porosity, is seemingly responsible for the degradation.
Analyzing Tunisia's 1980-2020 period, this study examines the nexus among renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and service sector growth via linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag techniques and Granger causality tests. Based on empirical linear analysis, renewable energy and service sector expansion are found to have a positive influence on carbon emissions, in the long run. Nonlinear research demonstrates that the negative energy shock has a long-term positive influence on environmental quality. Evidently, in the long term, a consistent influence of each modeled variable is seen on carbon emissions, with only one direction of effect. To achieve both economic prosperity and climate change mitigation, the Tunisian government must create a supportive environment for environmental-friendly strategies, while further exploring the integration of new technologies and renewable energy sources. Policymakers should be urged to promote and encourage the application of innovative clean technologies for the production of renewable energy.
Two different absorber plates and two distinct configurations are explored in this study to evaluate the thermal performance of solar air heaters. Summer climatic conditions in Moradabad, India, were the setting for the experiments. Approximately four solar air heater models have been created. Cellular mechano-biology Employing a flat-plate absorber and a serrated geometric absorber (with and without the tested phase change material), the experimental investigation assessed thermal performance. A noteworthy aspect of the investigation was the use of three distinct mass flow rates—0.001 kg/s, 0.002 kg/s, and 0.003 kg/s—to examine the heat transfer coefficient, instantaneous efficiency, and overall daily efficiencies. From the study's results, Model-4 was identified as the optimal model amongst all tested models, presenting an average exhaust temperature close to 46 degrees Celsius after sunset. At 0.003 kg/s, a daily average efficiency of roughly 63% was observed. A serrated plate-type solar air heater, not utilizing phase change material, achieves a 23% heightened efficiency in comparison to standard systems; furthermore, it displays a 19% efficiency gain compared to a standard system incorporating phase change material. The improved system proves suitable for moderate-temperature applications, including agricultural drying and space heating.
Due to the swift growth and expansion of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), environmental challenges are escalating, posing severe risks to human health. Untimely death is frequently associated with the presence of PM2.5 pollution. Considering this perspective, studies have analyzed methods to manage and lessen air pollution; such pollution-reduction strategies necessitate economic viability. The investigation into the socio-economic impact of current pollution levels aimed to use 2019 as a benchmark year. A methodology was established for determining and evaluating the economic and ecological benefits associated with decreasing air pollution levels. The study undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of both short-term and long-term PM2.5 exposure on human health, quantifying the economic losses incurred. Health risk assessments of PM2.5 were conducted, spatially segmented by inner-city and suburban areas, and detailed health impact maps were constructed by age and sex, using a 30 km x 30 km grid. Analysis of the calculation results reveals that economic losses from fatalities stemming from short-term exposures (approximately 3886 trillion VND) outweigh those from long-term exposures (approximately 1489 trillion VND). To address the air quality concerns of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in the pursuit of short- and medium-term goals, including the 2030 Air Quality Action Plan, which predominantly focuses on PM2.5 reduction, this study's findings will be instrumental in constructing a strategic roadmap for mitigating PM2.5's impact from 2025 to 2030.
With global climate change accelerating, minimizing energy consumption and curtailing environmental pollution are indispensable for sustainable economic progress. This paper investigates the energy-environmental efficiency of 284 prefecture-level cities in China, using a non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). It then seeks to assess the influence of national new zone development using a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) model. Improvements in energy-environmental efficiency, specifically a 13%-25% enhancement, are witnessed in prefecture-level cities due to the establishment of national new zones, with the mechanisms including improved green technical and scale efficiency. Secondly, the spatial effects of newly established national zones are both positive and negative. Third, considering the variable impact across different scenarios, the effect of establishing national new zones on energy-environmental efficiency increases with higher quantiles of the latter; single-city national new zones exhibit a substantial impact on energy-environmental efficiency, whereas two-city zones show no notable impact, signifying an absence of substantial green synergy between cities. In addition to our findings, we consider the policy ramifications for the energy sector, including improvements to policy support and the introduction of new regulations to promote sustainability within the environmental space.
Water salinization, a critical concern originating from the overuse of coastal aquifers, is especially pronounced in arid and semi-arid regions, where urbanization and human-induced land use changes intensify the problem. This research project focuses on evaluating the quality of the Mitidja alluvial aquifer in northern Algeria and its suitability for domestic and agricultural usage. The proposed hydrogeochemical investigation encompassed an interpretation of groundwater physiochemical parameters (EC, pH, dry residue, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and NO3-) from the wet and dry periods of 2005 and 2017, complemented by a stable isotope analysis of samples collected in October 2017. This approach was used to determine the recharge sources. According to the results, three hydrochemical facies stand out: calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate. Groundwater mineralization and salinization are attributable to the dissolution of carbonates and evaporites, especially during arid periods, and the presence of saline water. Ivarmacitinib in vivo Along with the effect of ion exchange, human activities have a profound impact on the chemical composition of groundwater, directly or indirectly impacting salt concentrations. The study area's eastern portion exhibits exceptionally high NO3- concentrations, directly tied to fertilizer pollution, a fact supported by the Richards classification's call for restricted water use in agricultural activities. The 2H=f(18O) diagram demonstrates a recharge source for this aquifer predominantly stemming from Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea-sourced oceanic meteoric rainwater. Worldwide coastal regions exhibiting similar characteristics can leverage the methodology presented in this study to promote sustainable water resource management.
Goethite, modified by either chitosan (CS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), exhibited enhanced adsorption capabilities for agrochemicals, specifically copper (Cu²⁺) ions, phosphate (PO₄³⁻) ions, and diuron. Cu (768 mg/g, 6371%) and P (631 mg/g, 5046%) were effectively bound by the pristine goethite, but only when present together in a mixed system. For copper in single adsorbate solutions, adsorption levels reached 382 mg/g, representing a percentage of 3057%, while phosphorus adsorption in single adsorbate solutions reached 322 mg/g (2574%), and diuron adsorption exhibited a level of 0.015 mg/g, equivalent to 1215%. The application of CS or PAA to modify goethite did not result in striking adsorption improvements. Cu ions (828%) demonstrated the largest increase in adsorbed amount after undergoing PAA modification, accompanied by significant increases in P (602%) and diuron (2404%) after CS modification.